martial arts vs martial sports - 合氣道討論

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講Martial Art 與 Sport的差異 優劣

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Fighting or Playing?The Martial Art vs Sport Debate

By Neil Ohlenkamp

Many people think of Judo and Taekwondo as sports because
they are included along with other major sports in Olympic c
ompetition. Boxing, wrestling, Judo, taekwondo, and kickboxi
ng are examples of martial sports. I often hear martial arti
sts who use the term "sport" as if referring to a game with
no usefulness. The implication is that a sport is only for "
play" and cannot be effective for self defense, fighting or
combat. Many martialartists think that the distinction betwe
en sport and martial art is that martial artists train for r
eal life.

Actually the distinction is more complex and rather surpri
sing. In discussing it I will make generalizations that may
not apply to the way you train in your sport or martial art.
However I hope to give you a new way to look at the potenti
al value of sports principles for martial arts training.

One of the primary differences betweenmartial sports and a
rts is in the valueof the training methods. Because of their
alleged danger or lethality, many martial arts engage in ar
tificial and even counter-productive training which involves
"pulling" techniques, modifying the point of contact, and a
dding in a precautionary element of movement that, rather th
an training the body, can inhibit its natural action and the
ultimate conclusion of a technique. Slow, careful, non-cont
act training is not an effective approach to prepare for act
ual fighting situations that require the opposite reactions.
Typifying this approach is a student who falsely equates th
e ability to breakboards with the ability to punch a person
in the face. As another example, I have never seen realistic
training in throat strikes or eye gouges in any martial art
s class, even though these are often recommended for self de
fense. The teaching generally done for these techniques help
s students to understand what to do, but does not provide ef
fective results for fast, reflexive and accurate application
of these techniques against an unwilling opponent in real l
ife combat.

Sport, by removing some of the potential dangers, achieves
the opposite. That is, sport more typically produces natura
l, fast, reflexive movement with full power application, ach
ieving a result against a struggling opponent who is also ut
ilizing full power while engaging in strategic and tactical
resistance using allof his or her resources and training. Te
chniques that don't work are soon abandoned, and successful
skills are honed against different attackers under a variety
of conditions. Maintaining control in various combat situat
ions, both in attack and defense, is difficult when faced wi
th the unpredictable nature of an opponent's efforts, but fa
cing these situations in contest prepares you for similar si
tuations. Each opponent in competition is operating at the l
imit of physical and psychological skill. By pushing that li
mit contestants are continually realizing and expanding thei
r potential.

Sometimes the "combat" arts substituteintellectual percept
ion, a highly subjective and deceptive frame of reference, f
or genuine training of the body and mind. Some martial arts
don't train effectively for self defense and combat becauset
hey can't train for combat without severe risk to training p
artners. Many martial arts have instead adopted highly styli
zed, ritualistic, and even dysfunctional training methods. I
ronically, martialsports may provide the superior training i
n effective combat techniques becausemartial arts can't be p
racticed in a real life way without injury.

In martial sports, one purpose of competition is to take t
he place of the older shinken shobu (life-and-death fights)
in developing technique, knowledge, and character. You never
see yourself so clearly as when you face your own death. Co
mpetition can provide a safe, controlledglimpse at this kind
of defeat. Fighting spirit can be developed only through fi
ghting. Surely it is not the same as the battlefield, but it
serves a similar purpose, and it is closer to a combat situ
ation than any other form of training.

Of course this can go wrong. Winning and losing can become
too important and start to pervert the training process. Th
e ultimate goal should not be the winning of medals. Using s
port competition as a metaphor for real fighting can be quit
e different from playing it as a game. Matches, along with f
ree practice and sparring, are simply different methods for
training the mind and body to deal with the adversity of fig
hting situations.

Just as non-competitive martial arts training may not prov
ide the benefits of competition, training for sport competit
ion may not provide the full scope of self defense training.
Martial sports often include non-competitive components. Fo
r example, competition is only a part ofthe Judo curriculum,
and Jigoro Kano, the founder of Judo, was very concerned ab
out preserving those self defense techniques that could not
be used with full force in competition. However, Judo remain
s a remarkably effective self defense training, even after t
he development of other modern "combat" methods, and even wh
en Judo is practiced today largely as asport. Jigoro Kano ap
plied modern sporttraining methodology to the traditionalkor
yu jujutsu and found that it produced a better combat art, w
hich has proven itself again and again over the last 120year
s.

Although martial arts and sports both have loftier goals,
it is still a fact that many people train in martial arts pr
imarily for self-defense. For those who have never used spor
t training methods, or those who have never explored traditi
onal bujutsu training, it is easy to discount the effectiven
ess of the other. Asmartial artists we should continually se
ek opportunities to challenge ourselvesby examining the weak
nesses in our training and keeping our minds open to otherme
thods. I encourage you to discover for yourself how "playing
" with a partner in sparring or free practice, or competing
against an opponent in contest, can be an effective method o
f training for self defense


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你虛情假意　我也跳舞奉陪

不怕你虛偽　我誰也不愛誰
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