這是我挖到的一篇文章蠻不錯的!! - 保齡球

來源：
http://leo0309.myweb.hinet.net/longshortoil.htm
http://tw.club.yahoo.com/clubs/note-for-bowlers/

囧rz按照下面說明，一個選手至多會準備2*2*2=8顆主攻球??

不過有解到我蠻多疑惑，可是不知內容有沒有誤，有興趣的人可以看一下唷...

= =順便可以看看裡面有沒有啥觀點是有誤的，大家也能提出一下自己的觀點~~



長短油賽制的緣由及球道攻略



John Davis (Kegle 總裁)

There is much controversy surrounding multiple conditions.
It seems so different than the past. However, the sport of
bowling has changed and formats of competition have not kept
up with these changes to promote Fair Play for all styles.



由於長短油交替進行的比賽和以往僅在單一賽道上完成的方式有所不同
，打從實施以來一直就爭議不斷。然而，如果不從在賽制上做些變革，
便無法趕上已然改變的保齡球運動生態，也無法提供給所有各種打法、
和各種類型的選手們一個較為公平的競賽環境。

The WTBA Technical Committee has separated the styles into two
groups; first, those whose style prefers a breakpoint closer
to the foul line and second, those who style prefer a breakpoint
closer to the pins. By using two conditions, long and short, we
can give each of the basic styles an equal advantage.



世界十瓶總會的技術委員會(WTBA Technical Committee)已經把球員的打球
形態區分為兩種類型:第一種是喜歡把球的轉折點(breakpoint)設定在離溝道
線較近的球員，另一種則是把轉折點設定於離球瓶較近的球員，運用長短油的
賽制，可以給這兩種基本形態的球員們一個較均衡有利，使其能在自己較為拿
手的賽道上各別發揮所長的競爭機會。


Out of the 30 plus tournaments that have been played on the two
conditions, only one or two have shown unfair play as an apparent
result and those were not between the two basic groups. They were
thought of as unfair because of the left hand, right hand and light
ball styles.



根據統計，就已經完成的三十幾個賽事裡，只有一二個在比賽的成績上明顯看得
出結果的不公平，這些不公並不是來自於上述依球的轉折遠近而歸類的這兩個族
群，而是左手、右手、和輕球(飛碟球)間的所造成的差異。



For the last 30 years fair play has become increasingly more difficult
to attain, even though lane maintenance machines and lane oil chemistry
have made major advances. At Kegel, we have over 1500 high level
tournaments of experiences where we have provided our services.



在過去的30年間，僅管打油機及球道用油有了長足的進步，公平賽道環境的建立
卻反而變得愈來愈困難，我們Kegel公司也已經對超過1500場高水準比賽的場地
提供我們的經驗及服務。

Even with this experience and our advanced tools, we never feel
comfortable with single condition formats. Multiple conditions
give us a little more confidence that Fair Play can be achieved.



即使我們有了先進的軟硬體設施及無數次的賽事參與經驗，對於在單一球道上油
的賽制，有時候仍然會顯得被綁手綁腳，長短油的賽道給了我們提供一個公平競爭
的賽道環境一個較佳的機會及較圓滿的自信。


Furthermore, it is our opinion that multiple condition tournaments are
only a band-aid to reduce the chances of Unfair Play. To achieve consensus
of Fair Play for all, bowling must dig deeper into the reasons of
our integrity and credibility crisis. That cannot happen over night.
For now however, we feel confident that Fair Play is much more achievable.



其實，我們認為，以長短油的賽制來減少比賽所可能引發的不公平的作法，
也只是一時的權宜之計而已。保齡球這項運動如果想要達到對於所有參賽者
的公平，必須訧保齡球這項運動的本質作更深層的探討、對於可能產生的各
種缺失作更嚴肅的批判與改革，只是在當前，我們自信:透過長短的上油方式
，公平賽制的建立是可以達成的。


Fair Play for all is a must. The sport cannot grow and prosper without
it. All must agree with this statement.



對於所有參賽者提供一個公平競爭的賽道環境是絕對必要的，任何運動如果失去
了這個先決條件，就無法永續的發展與興隆。我想每個人都應該認同這個觀念才是。



Observations of international experiences of Multiple Condition
Tournaments:



長短油賽制下國際賽經驗的觀察:


Five years ago the WTBA Technical Committee created the definition of
the best bowling player. These attributes are:
- Accuracy
- Repeatability
- Power
- Knowledge
- Versatility



五年前，世界十瓶保齡球總會技術委員會給最佳球員作了如下的定義: 這幾個屬性為:

- 下球的準確性

- 可重覆上一個動作的一致性

- 優越的球速、轉速所展現出來的擊球能量

- 保齡球相關知識的認知

- 不同球道及下油條件下的適應能力



- A bowler who possesses a balance of these five characteristics
is therefore considered a world class player. From this definition, the
WTBA Technical Committee produced the multiple condition concept. Instead
of waiting for the lane condition to match up to a bowlers style, the
committee forced the player to become versatile instead of being single
dimensional. This format gave the player more prestige for winning
instead of everyone thinking his game matched up with that particular
condition.

-

- 一個球員如果能夠均衡擁有前述的五項特質，就可以稱得上是一位
世界級的高手了。基於此項定義，WTBA的技術委員會終於孕育了長短油賽道旳
觀念。委員會希望以此方式讓球員來適應兩種上油條件的比賽，而不是只用單
一的球道來配合各類型球員的打球風格。如此一來，也可以使贏得比賽的球員
的球技更受肯定，也證明了他們有適應特殊賽道的能力而提昇了人們的認同感。

Watching the many multiple condition tournaments, we have found that
many players have not played the lanes correctly (knowledge), they
used the wrong ball (knowledge) or they could not play one or the
other conditions very well (versatility).



觀察了無數個長短油程的比賽後，我們發現很多球員由於相關知識的缺乏，
並沒有正確的在特定的賽道上發揮球技，他們用了不合適的球(相關知識的不足)
，或者他們只能打好其中的一種油路(缺乏不同球道及下油條件下的適應能力)



At every player and managers meeting that I have been involved in,
we have told the players that the short condition was designed for
playing outside and the long condition was designed to play inside.
Most of the time, bowlers played the lanes the opposite way and used
entirely the wrong type of bowling balls, especially on the short pattern.



每次和球員及相關的管理人員開會時，我都會告訴他們短油的設計是用來打outside
而長油是用來打inside的，可是參賽球員們幾乎都採取相反的進攻路線也用了不符合
球道條件的保齡球，特別是在短油程的賽道裡。


I believe this is due to a lack of experience, knowledge and also the fact
that most players now own and exclusively use excessively strong bowling
balls and layouts. This could also be attributed to the fact that a larger
majority of today's popular equipment is stronger than the equipment of
five years ago. These equipment mistakes were very noticeable to the
experienced and educated eye.



我相信這些都是由於經驗及相關知識的不足，再加上大多數的球員都只想擁有及使用
最強的擊瓶能量，搭配最大破壞力的鑽孔方式的球。這五年來風行於市面上的球，它
們的破壞力比以往提昇太多，球具的誤用可以透過訓練有素的眼睛及經由相關經驗的
累積而查覺出來。



Here are some hints for short oil patterns:



以下是針對短油賽道的幾個小祕訣:

The short condition will be 32 to 35 feet in length. The high point of
the short oil pattern will normally be from the sixth to the eighth board.
Inside the eighth board, the pattern is completely flat. It is also a
point where the ball is only five to seven boards away from the pocket.



短油賽道的上油長度大概介於32 ~ 35呎間，其高分區塊會落在七到八塊板間，
在八塊板內側，敷油的方式幾乎已經是完全平油的狀態，在這個區塊上，球只
離口袋位置五到七塊板而已。

If the bowler attempts to play the short condition from a deep inside
line because the ball hooks a lot, the ball will leave the oil pattern
at an area from the eighth to the twelfth board. That does not leave
much room for the ball to hold back into the pocket.



在短油的球道上，如果球員從inside的路線來下球，球會彎得很厲害而在8 ~ 12
塊間離開油區，如此一來，實在沒有太多的距離來讓球折往口袋位置。



Because of the extreme amount of overall hook a short pattern will
produce, by playing more towards the outside portion of the lane,
the ball will have enough room to make its move towards the pocket.



短油賽道所造成的超大曲度，如果從outside 的位置來進攻，球會有較充足
的空間來進入口袋位置。


We have also witnessed players trying to exclusively use very shiny
equipment on the short patterns. This type of surface only adds in
giving the ball little chance to begin to process to its forward
roll. This lack of procession to a forward roll causes the ball to
retain a high amount of energy, such that very small changes in speed,
turn, and direction will result in violently different reactions.



我們也看到球員們在短油賽道上只選用超亮球面的球，這種球會使得球體導成正向
的往前滾動(forward roll)變得非常困難，球體如果沒有完成從一開始的側向，
轉移成正向滾動的過程，球本身會得到太高的能量，這種過高的能量，只要在球速
、轉速及下球點及方向上有一點點不一樣，在球尾的反應上就會產生劇烈的變化，
結果就會導致極大的誤差及不一樣的球瓶反應。



The knowledgeable player will use a ball type that is smooth in character
and play as far to the outside as possible in the lower amount of oil.
This allows the ball to begin its turn towards a more forward roll which
will smooth out the reaction and make the ball become more predictable as
it travels down the lane.



這種狀況下，一個經驗老到、觀念正確的球員會選用一顆反應較平順的球，然後儘
可能選擇從外側油量較稀薄的區塊來作為攻擊路線。如此可以使球較容易轉換成較
為前滾的運動型態，使球的尾端較為平順，球在球道上的行進路線也會比較?定而容
易被掌控。


Keep an open mind when choosing equipment to combat conditions.



在選用球具要應付不同的賽道時請保持一個較開放的心態，而不是非得
選用最彎、最具破壞力的的球不可。



Here are some hints for long oil patterns:



以下是對付長油賽道的幾個小祕訣:


The long oil condition will be in the 42 to 45 feet range.
The high point of the oil pattern should be between the 12
and 15 board area. The oil pattern outside this area will
be moderately flat and have much less slope than the 10 to
15 board area.



長油賽道的油長介於42 ~ 45 呎間，這種油層的高分區域約落於12
~ 15 塊板的區塊上。出了這個區塊外?，油量的分佈也幾乎是一
個平油的狀態，比 10 ~ 15 塊板這個區域的油量變化要小得多。


We have witnessed way too many bowlers playing outside on
the long pattern. There is actually very little room for
error in this portion of the lane on the long patterns as
the pattern tends to be fairly flat in this area. If a bowler
does choose an outside line on the long pattern, accuracy
and repeatability will be extremely important and keeping
the ball in play will be difficult to maintain.



我們看到了太多球員在長油的賽道上採取outside 的進攻路線，在這種
油層的外側區塊由於油層的分佈已經沒有變化，接近平油的狀態，所以
可容許的誤差範圍非常的小，如果球員選用了這種進攻方式，準確性及
一致性的維持將變得非常重要而嚴苛，要維持球的穩定行進及反應也將
變得非常困難。


The proper way to view a long pattern is this; if the ball comes
off the end of the oil pattern at 45 feet at the five board,
and there are twelve boards to cover to get to the pocket, the
ball has only fifteen feet to make its move up to the pocket.
Once again, like the short pattern, its basic geometry on where
one should attempt to play.



一個檢視長油賽道較可行的辦法是: 假使球在45呎出了油區的轉折在5
塊板的地方，距離口袋位置還有12塊板，但是它只剩15呎的長度能讓球
到達那個位置，我再一次強調，就好像短油賽道一樣，選手們必須考慮
到球的轉折區到1,3口袋位置的縱向與橫向距離間的幾何關係。

Since the long pattern dictates the ball will hook a minimal
amount, a player's break point will usually need to be closer
to the pocket. Therefore, a bowler should find a line inside
or around the second arrow as there are fewer boards to the
pocket and keeping the ball in play will be much easier.



因為長油意位著球將有最小的彎度，球員的轉折點也須要較靠近1,3的
口袋位置。因此球員如果能找到inside或接近第二箭頭的路線，使球的
轉折不要離1,3位置太遠，這樣在控制球的反應時會顯得比較容易。



I personally watched the American Zone Youth Championships
this past summer. One block on the short pattern sticks out
in my mind. It was like a radio transmission was telling
the young men to play inside on the short pattern. The whole
squad was playing from 15 to 25 on 32 feet of oil and cranking
the ball with as much speed as possible.



去年夏天我觀察了美洲區的青年錦標賽，想起其中有一場短油的賽事實
在是讓我感到心有戚戚焉。好像有人透過廣播告訴所有的年輕選手在
短油的球道上都得打inside的進攻路線一樣，在上油僅32呎長的賽道
上，每個球員都使勁地加快球速及拉大側迴及轉速(cranking the ball)
，使球在15~25塊板之間穿梭。


As we watched we felt like crying but after awhile it was almost
comical. My colleague John Janawicz and I could only laugh. We
watched coaches shaking their heads in frustration. They just
could not get the concept in the minds of their players. That
particular block scored much lower than the previous block where
many bowlers played outside.



看到這個場景真的是讓我們感到欲哭無淚，一方面又宛如上演了一場鬧劇，
我和夥伴John Janawicz除了笑翻了外，也看到教練們個個咀喪地搖著頭。
他們平時就沒有把正確的觀念深植在球員的身上。這樣子的打法比先前
在長油道打outside的結果更糟、當然也得到更難看的分數。


Conventional thought from a right handers point of view is that
if the lanes hook, you move left and if the lanes don't hook you
move right. This kind of thinking does not consider the fact that
oil distance and where the ball leaves the oil pattern and enters
the dry backend.



以右手球員來說: 傳統的想法是如果球太彎，我們往左移、球不彎，我們往
右移。這種邏輯並沒有將油的長度及球出油區進入乾燥區的距離考慮進去。


This is blocked lane thinking, not World Championship thinking.
So, coaches please train your bowlers about oil distance before
they get to championship events. This is not new knowledge; it
is just not common knowledge ----- yet.


這只是中油外乾歡樂道的球道調整方式(blocked lane thinking)，
並不符合世界錦標賽的球道。因此，教練們: 請在參加重要的錦標賽事前，
訓練你們的球員油區及距離的相對關係，這並不是一個新的知識，不過它也
不是一個大家都已經能夠純熟運用的智能。



One more note on short and long conditions, the problem of playing
long and short is somewhat different for men and women. Traditionally
the women break down lanes together in the track area (7-12 board)
and the graphs taken afterwards show the lane to almost be blocked
after bowling.



在長、短油賽道上還有一項值得注意的是: 男子選手和女子選手在比賽時
對球道的影響會有一些差異。女子選手的球會將球道上7~12塊板的油破壞
，固定的球經過的軌跡最後使球道變成一個明顯的區塊。


When men bowl the whole middle of the lane oil pattern is destroyed
in the front of the lane and narrows down to six or seven boards at
the end. This works well on the long pattern but, on the short it is
a disaster for scoring pace and the women usually outscore the men.



在男子組的場合，球道前半部中間部份的油會被破壞，最後會把6~7塊板的部份
變窄，這種現象在長油賽道上對球的行進路線的固定有幫助，但是在短油的賽道
上，則情況恰恰相反，行進路線剛好被球經過的軌跡干擾，男子選手的分數往往
比女子選手來得更低。


For the long the opposite is usually true. The women will still break
down the track 4-5 boards away from the true best area to play and the
men will outscore the women on the long, but not always.



在長油的賽道上則因為女子選手的球一直在4~5塊板間穿梭，遠離了長油的高分區塊，
因此男子選手在長油賽道上往往分數會超越女子選手，但還是會有少數的例外。


In conclusion, bowling is a game of angles. If you can learn how the
length of patterns directly affects how you should play a certain
pattern, you will have a better chance at succeeding on all the
different types of patterns you may encounter.



總而言之，保齡球是一種角度的競技運動，如果你學會了如何判讀油的長度及
如何在不同的賽道上採取相對應的措施，你就會有比較好的機會在各種不同油
路的球道上超前對手而獲得勝利

--
翅膀斷了...

看著夥伴正翱翔天空...

我卻是一隻不會飛的紅蜻蜓...

--