新教練：莫里尼奧在切爾西(1) 莫里尼奧的背景 - 切爾西足球俱樂部 Chelsea Football Club

http://www.zonalmarking.net/2013/09/17/new-managers-mourinho-at-chelsea/


Jose Mourinho isn’t so much a ‘new’ manager as a returning manager,
following nearly six years away from Chelsea.

六年前離開切爾西的莫里尼奧並不是一個那麼『新』的總教練。


The obvious advantage Mourinho has over David Moyes and Manuel Pellegrini,
the other two newcomers amongst top Premier League clubs, is that he has
experience of competing (and triumphing) in a Premier League title fight. The
downside, however, is that opposition coaches are now fully aware of his
tricks, both in terms of psychology and tactics. Whether that means they’ll
be able to counteract them with an intelligent strategy of their own,
however, is a different matter.

比起(曼聯的)Moyes或是(曼城的)Pellegrini兩位新加入英超頂尖球隊的教練，魔力鳥
有著明顯的優勢，那就是在英超戰鬥並贏得冠軍的經驗。然而另一面，和他作為對手的教
練們現在都已經注意到他的伎倆：包含戰術和心理戰。不過他的對手們能不能用智慧的策
略對抗這些(莫里尼奧的伎倆)就是另外一回事了。



Mourinho’s background

莫里尼奧的背景：


Throughout his career Mourinho has been a ruthless, efficient tactician
rather than a revolutionary one. His strategies are taken from the textbook
and are meticulously worked upon in training, rather than being genuinely
new, fresh, innovative ideas that takes the footballing world by surprise. As
Xavi Hernandez once said, “Mourinho is a great coach, but he will not enter
the history of football. To go down in history you must do different things,
and he does not bring new things to the game.”

綜觀其生涯，莫里尼奧一直是個無情而有效率的戰術家，而非戰術革命家。他將取自於教
課書的戰術嚴謹實踐於訓練中，而不是像天才般用新鮮的、創新的點子讓足球世界感到驚
喜。就像(巴薩戰術最核心的球員)Xavi Hernandez所說的：「莫里尼奧是個很棒的教練，
但他不會成為足球的歷史。如果要成為歷史，你必定要做一些不一樣的事情。而莫里尼奧
並沒有為足球賽帶來新的事物。」


Xavi is hardly the most impartial observer, and it’s extremely harsh to
suggest a double European Cup winner, and a league champion in four separate
countries, will not enter the history of football. But then it depends what ‘
the history of football is’ – if it’s about success, character and drama,
Mourinho features heavily. But if the ‘history of football’ is about
playing style, well, then the updated version of the history of football
tactics features a chapter on tiki-taka, which is the type of football
Mourinho has spent the past six or seven seasons plotting against. In all
probability, Mourinho’s second Chelsea reign won’t provide a key tactical
development.


Xavi很難被視為最公正的觀察者，說兩次歐冠得主、在四個聯賽拿過冠軍的教練不
會成為足球歷史也實在有點苛刻。這個問題其實決定於什麼是『足球歷史』。如果足球
歷史是由成功、個性和戲劇性決定，那麼莫里尼奧就會在足球歷史佔很大的位置。但如
果足球歷史談的是踢球風格，那麼在最新版的"The History of Football Tactics"這本
書中，有一整個章節在講"tiki-taka"這種莫里尼奧在過去六或七年中努力反對的風格。
想必莫里尼奧在切爾西第二次上台，並不會帶來關鍵性的戰術發展。

註：tiki-taka是巴薩近年橫掃歐洲的新足球概念，莫里尼奧在過去六七年中一直想辦法擊敗這
個戰術，而這個戰術的核心球員就是巴薩的Xavi。所以前文才說他的評論未必公正。


That said, the last time Mourinho arrived in England he did surprise
opponents with his tactics, and helped to move England away from 4-4-2.

上次莫里尼奧來到英格蘭時，他讓對手感到驚訝，並幫助英格蘭脫離4-4-2陣型。

“Look, if I have a triangle in midfield – Claude Makelele behind and two
others just in front – I will always have an advantage against a pure 4-4-2
where the central midfielders are side by side. That’s because I will always
have an extra man. It starts with Makelele, who is between the lines. If
nobody comes to him he can see the whole pitch and has time. If he gets
closed down it means one of the two other central midfielders is open. If
they are closed down and the other team’s wingers come inside to help, it
means there is space now for us on the flank, either for our own wingers or
for our full-backs. There is nothing a pure 4-4-2 can do to stop things.”


『看看，如果我在中場有一個三角形 ─馬克萊萊在後而其他兩人在前─ 我將永遠在對抗
兩個中場並排的純4-4-2陣型時擁有優勢。因為我總是比他們多一個人。從兩條線中間的
馬克萊萊開始。如果他被貼身防守，那意味著其他兩個中場球員中有一個是無人防守的。
如果對方的邊路球員也來幫忙，讓我的三個中場都被緊迫，那代表邊路有空間，可以讓我
的的邊路球員或是左右後衛利用。傳統的4-4-2無論做什麼都阻止不了。』

------------摘自The Italian Job一書

That was only nine years ago, yet in hindsight English football seems
remarkably naive tactically upon the arrival of Mourinho (and Rafael Benitez)
in 2004. Playing a midfield triangle was hardly a new innovation in a
European context, but seemed to genuinely bamboozle a ludicrous number of
Premier League coaches. In 2013, such a simple move is unlikely to prove so
effective.

以後見之明來看，只不過在短短九年前(2004)，英格蘭的足球戰術在莫里尼奧以及貝尼特
斯到來時竟是如此的幼稚。在歐洲的尺度來看，在中場多放一個人實在不是什麼創新，但
卻像是個天才似的，哄騙了數量多到可笑的英超教練。現在是2013，這個簡單的佈陣已經
不太可能再這麼有效了。

Mourinho has almost always deployed two main formations, switching between
them when necessary. Traditionally this gave him an option that dominated
midfield with four central players, and an option with two genuine wide men.

莫里尼奧幾乎總是使用兩種陣型，並依需求切換。傳統而言，這個切換讓他可以選擇用
四個位於中央的球員統治中場，或是選擇擺上兩個有天分的邊路球員。

For example, at Porto he favoured 4-3-1-2 but sometimes used 4-2-3-1. At
Chelsea it was the opposite, favouring 4-3-3 but sometimes going with a
midfield diamond. At Inter, he focused upon 4-3-1-2 throughout his first
campaign and in Serie A during his second season, but turned to 4-2-3-1 for
Inter’s victorious European run.

舉例而言，在Porto執教時，他喜歡4-3-1-2但有時改用4-2-3-1。在切爾西時則相反：大
部分使用4-3-3，有時候則改用鑽石中場。在國際米蘭時，他在第一個賽季以及第二季的
義甲聯賽主要使用4-3-1-2。但卻用4-2-3-1取得歐戰的勝利。


At Real Madrid, however, it was a choice between either 4-2-3-1 or 4-3-3 –
and Mourinho largely discarded the idea of playing four central midfielders.
The shift between the formations was much more subtle. That now seems to be
Mourinho’s standard approach, and he explained his intentions in-depth
before a couple of Chelsea’s pre-season matches.

在皇馬時，這個選擇變成了4-2-3-1以及4-3-3。魔力鳥拋棄了四個中場在位於場地中間的
想法。陣型轉換變得更加的微妙。看來這個概念已經成為了目前莫里尼奧的標準做法。他
在季前賽之前，曾深入的解釋他的用意：


“We will play 4-2-3-1 in the first game, my favourite system, though
sometimes I change the triangle and play with one in front of the defenders
and two players up,” Mourinho said. “Other times I play with double
midfielders and a number ten. This is a team where we have not one or two but
three or four players who like very much to be a number ten: [Kevin] De
Bruyne likes it, Oscar likes it, [Juan] Mata likes it, [Eden] Hazard likes
it. It is a natural system for all these players to play.

『我們將在第一場比賽採用4-2-3-1，我最喜歡的系統。但有時候我會改變三角形，把一
個球員放在後衛前面，另外兩個靠前。』莫里尼奧說：『有些時候我會用兩個中場加上一
個十號球員。我們是一支有不只有一個、兩個，而是四個十號球員的球隊。像是De Bruyne
、Oscar、Mata、Hazard。這會是一個他們踢起來會很自在的系統。』

But in another match I could change it. If we are losing, we might need to
have two pure strikers. It is something we will work on because I would like
to have this capacity to have it ready to play, independent of the players we
have. Naturally, we will have four at the back and in my team, the attackers
are attackers. Some guys say we play 4-2-3-1, blah blah blah blah, and
sometimes the attackers have a defensive job so it is more like 4-5-1. But it
is not 4-5-1, it is 4-3-3.”

但另一場熱身賽，我將會改變陣型。如果我們快輸球了，我們會需要兩個前鋒。雖然只是
有時候但我們會練習，因為我希望球隊能有能力踢這種戰術，不管場上有那些球員。自然
狀況下，我們會有四位球員在後面。在我的球隊中，攻擊性球員就是攻擊性球員。有些人
說我們踢4-2-3-1之類的。但有時候攻擊性球員也會有他的防守任務。所以比較接近4-5-1
。但是時候這不是4-5-1，這是4-3-3。
(這段我有點不太確定)

--------莫里尼奧接受the Guardian的採訪


The key is the first part – 4-2-3-1 is his favourite system. Tilting the
midfield triangle, essentially creating a 4-3-3, is the alternative. Two
strikers will be used as an emergency system (something Mourinho did nicely
at Real) while there’s no talk of a midfield diamond (or a 4-3-1-2) a shape
Mourinho seems to have discarded.

關鍵在於第一部分的訪問：他說4-2-3-1是他最愛的系統，並提到了三角形以及另一個選
項4-3-3。在緊急時會派上兩個前鋒(他在皇馬時做得很好)，但完全沒有提到鑽石中場以
及4-3-1-2，一個看起來已經被他放棄的布陣。



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