FIBA成年男子排名計算方式 - 籃球

Games factored in the new FIBA World Ranking Men, presented by Nike

All games played by 149 national teams in top official FIBA competitions and
their Qualifiers over an 8-year period.

METHOD
1.Calculate the rating points(RP) for each game to wach team;
2.Calculate the ranking according to the weighted average rating points of each
team, over all games in previous 8-year period.

METHOD Stage 1 - Calculate each team's rating points allocated from each team
1,000 basis points(BP) are awarded in each game according to the following
principles:
- Win by a margin of 1-9 points -> reveive 600 basis points
- Win by a margin of 10-19 points -> reveive 700 basis points
- Win by a margin of 20 or more points -> reveive 800 basis points
- Lose by a margin of 1-9 points -> reveive 400 basis points
- Lose by a margin of 10-19 points -> reveive 300 basis points
- Lose by a margin of 20 or more points -> reveive 200 basis points
- In the event of a game being forfeited, the winning team receives 800 points
(for a victory by a margin of 20 points) and the losing team 0 basis points

程序1：計算rating points(RP)

RP=BP+HAP+ORP

BP(basis points)
每場比賽分配給兩隊共1,000BP的分數
- 勝分在1-9分間，拿600BP
- 勝分在10-19分間，拿700BP
- 勝分在20分或以上，拿800BP
- 負分在1-9分間，拿400BP
- 負分在10-19分間，拿300BP
- 負分在20分或以上，拿200BP
- 在被沒收的比賽中，勝隊拿800BP，敗隊拿0BP

Home and away games, neutral games
The concept of home and away games in in place for Qualifiers and top official
FIBA competitions. At top official FIBA competitions, home and away games are
in effect only for the host and their opposing team on the given day. All other
games are considered to be played on neutral ground. For example, at the FIBA
Basketball World Cup 2019, host China will play all of their games as the 'home
team' and therefore all of the opponents they will face will be the 'away team'.
Meanwhile, all non-China games will see teams play on neutral ground.

The home or away points(HAP) are given by:
┌───────────────┬──┐
│Situation │HAP │
├───────────────┼──┤
│Game at home │-70 │
├───────────────┼──┤
│Game at neutral venue │ 0 │
├───────────────┼──┤
│Game away(opponents are home) │+70 │
└───────────────┴──┘
A win away from home results in a bonus as it is typically harder to win on the
road.

HAP(home or away points)
主客場積分
在資格賽及錦標賽皆適用。錦標賽僅在主辦國及其對手國家的比賽場次有主客場隊之分，
其餘比賽場次皆屬於中立場地賽事。
主場隊 -70HAP
中立場隊 0HAP
客場隊 +70HAP

Strength of opposition factored in
A win by a team against an opponent that is higher in the FIBA World Ranking Men
, presented by Nike, means the result will be worth more points for the winners.

The opposition ranking points(ORP) are given by:
ORP=1.5x(AVG ALL-TEAM PRE-GAME RANKING-OPPONENT PRE-GAME RANKING)
The ranking rewards teams for facing opponents ranked higher than them. The
higher the opposition is ranked, the more points the team stands to get. As the
best teams are naturally ranked higher, playing strong opponents means their
ranking will be lower numerically than the average all-team pre-game ranking.
Therefore, this conrtibution will be positive. Conversely, the weaker team have
higher than average ranking so this contribution will be negative.

ORP(opposition ranking points)
對手排名積分
ORP=1.5 x (所有球隊賽前排名平均-對手賽前排名)
這是獎勵面對較高排名球隊的積分。對手的排名越高，能得到越多的積分。
對手是較強的球隊排名會小於所有球隊賽前排名平均，則計算後ORP會是正值。
對手是較弱的球隊排名則會大於所有球隊賽前排名平均，計算後ORP會是負值。


The final rating points(RP) for the game for a team are given by the following
formula"
RP=BP+HAP+ORP

一場比賽給球隊的最後積分(RP)依據以下公式計算：
RP=BP+HAP+OAP

RP:rating points
BP:basis points
HAP:home or away points
ORP:opposition ranking points

Updating the FIBA World Ranking Men, presented by Nike, at any time.


METHOD Stage 2
To calculate the ranking at any pearticular time, we have to calculate the
rating points for all teams at that time and then rank them.

程序2：
在任何特定的時候計算排名，必須計算當時所有隊伍的比例然後排名

We calculate the ratings by taking a penalised weighted average of rating
points from their previous games. To calculate the weighted average, we need
to calculate the weight(W) for each game.

我們由先前得到比賽得到比例分數的懲罰重量平均來計算比例。為了計算重量平均，
我們計算每場比賽的重量Weight(W)

The weight is made up of following factors:

┌──────────────┬───────────────────────┐
│Factor │Description │
├──────────────┼───────────────────────┤
│Time since game │Games are weighted so that more recent ones │
│ │contribute more to the rating. Games more than│
│ │8 years old are not taken into account. │
├──────────────┼───────────────────────┤
│Region of competition teams │Weights are given to the region of the │
│ │competition to ensure competitive balance. │
├──────────────┼───────────────────────┤
│Stage │Weights are given according to the game being │
│ │played in Qualifiers or at Top competitions. │
├──────────────┼───────────────────────┤
│Round │Weights are given to the round of the game ( │
│ │Top competitons only), with games in later │
│ │rounds more highly weighted. │
└──────────────┴───────────────────────┘

重量由以下因素組成：
因素 敘述

距離比賽時間 越接近的比賽形成越高的比例。超過八年的比賽將不被計入

參與比賽的區域 比賽的區域被賦予重量以確保公平競爭

層級 重量會分別依據是資格賽或是頂級錦標賽而給予

輪次 重量會依賽事的輪次被給予(僅在頂級錦標賽)，越後面的輪次重量越高


Time decay(TD)

A time decay factor is implemented to reward teams for most recent performances
and in order to prevent all games over the 8-year period from carrying the same
weight and receiving the exact same value.

時間的衰退Time Decay(TD)

履行時間衰退的因子是獎勵球隊近期的表現，為了防止八年間所有賽事都具有一樣的重量
，並得到確切一樣的價值。

┌──────────┬────────────────┐
│Time of game(TD) │Weight │
├──────────┼────────────────┤
│Y(current year)&Y-1 │1 │
├──────────┼────────────────┤
│Y-2 & Y-3 │0.75 │
├──────────┼────────────────┤
│Y-4 & Y-5 │0.5 │
├──────────┼────────────────┤
│Y-6 & Y-7 │0.25 │
├──────────┼────────────────┤
│Y-8 and before │0(not taken into consideration) │
└──────────┴────────────────┘

比賽的時間(TD) 重量
Y(當年度)及Y-1 1
Y-2及Y-3 0.75
Y-4及Y-5 0.5
Y-6及Y-7 0.25
Y-8及更早 0(不被納入計算)

The reason for this is to add a form factor that rewards teams slightly more for
better results in recent history.

加入這種形式的因素是為了獎勵近期表現更好的隊伍。


Comprtition and region weights(C)

Weights are gibven to different competitions to reflect the prestige of the
tournaments and to ensure that ratings are comparable across regions.


賽事及區域重量Competition(C)

在不同賽事給予不同重量以反映錦標賽的聲望，並確保比例可以在區域間比較。

賽事/區域(C) 重量
FIBA世界盃 2.5
奧運籃球項目 2.0
非洲區 0.3
美洲區 0.8
亞大區(及前亞洲區)* 0.4
歐洲區 1
前大洋洲區* 0.7

*自2017年起，亞洲及大洋洲在同一區競賽，但在2010-2016兩個區域是分開進行的比賽結
果，這個因素將在八年後消失(2025年)


賽事層級重量Stage(S)

比賽越重要，在計算比例時重量會越重。

層級(S) 重量
資格賽會前賽 0.25
資格賽 0.5
頂級錦標賽 1


輪次重量Round(R)

根據賽事系統升級到單場比賽系統，新的由Nike呈現的FIBA成年男子世界排名，被依照輪
次給予不同重量，得到較多或較少重量取決於比賽在哪個輪次(僅在頂級錦標賽)。

頂級錦標賽*
輪次(R) 重量
小組賽 1
16強 1.25
八強 1.5
四強 1.75
決賽 2

*包含FIBA世界盃、FIBA洲際盃及FIBA奧運資格賽

*對那些不是依照確切競賽形式的錦標賽(例如：沒有16強或八強)，重量會根據錦標賽中
輪次的數量按比例給予，球隊會依晉級的輪次得到


參與比賽在平均懲罰重量的最後重量W的公式為：

W=TD x C x S x R

W：最終比賽比例
TD：時間衰退
C：錦標賽及區域重量
S：賽事層級重量
R：輪次重量



目前的方式讓所有參與資格賽(不須進到會內賽)的球隊都能在每場賽事獲得積分。且每場
比賽的勝負分都將關係到積分多寡，簡單來說不再輕易有消化比賽或垃圾時間出現。



按：由於東京奧運資格賽的剩餘參賽權將由FIBA排名選出，故解釋目前FIBA排名計分方式，
與以前每個錦標賽按照名次乘上賽事比重得到分數累計有不小的落差。先暫時放上第
一段積分方式，後續解釋容後補充。


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