明星賽入選球員討論_以BPM進階數據切入 - NBA
By Poppy
at 2021-02-25T14:48
at 2021-02-25T14:48
Table of Contents
Box Plus / Minus,(版本2.0(BPM))是基於籃球得分的度量標準,用於估計籃球運動員
在場上對球隊的貢獻。
該數據詳細解釋如下
https://www.basketball-reference.com/about/bpm2.html
BPM使用球員的得分資訊,位置和球隊的整體表現來估算球員的貢獻(以每100次回合的聯
盟平均得分計)。BPM不考慮出賽時間。聯賽平均值定義為0.0,因此會有球員高於平均值
或低於平均值0分。因為高於平均水平的球員上場時間通常比較長,所以在BPM統計中,聯
盟中低於平均水平( 0.0 )的球員要多於高於平均水平的球員。值+5.0表示團隊在場上與
每位球員的平均( 0.0 )相比,在每100個回合中的得分高5分。(每48分鐘比賽球隊平均
擁有100個控球權。)
數值分級:
‧ +10.0是歷史級別的賽季(試想Jordon或LBJ的頂峰時期)
‧ +8.0是MVP等級
‧ +6.0是all star 先發水準
‧ +4.0 是夠格入選all star 水準
‧ +2.0 出色先發
‧ +0.0是一個堪用的先發或可靠的第六人
‧ -2.0是替補球員
‧ 低於-2.0 痾….簡稱雜魚
BPM (Box Plus / Minus) 擅長於衡量進攻和整體表現,但尤其是防守表現,數值的數字
較不能顯示的公允。
如何計算BPM
‧ Player box score statistics per 100 possessions. (For instance this
Team Per 100 Poss table.)
球員每100回合的得分數據
‧ Team Adjusted Efficiency per 100 possessions. (For instance the Team
Rating table.)
將每100回合球隊效率及戰績表現作加權調整
‧ Player positions. Position and offensive role are estimated from box
score data, unless the player has very few minutes.
球員的位置(e.g. 後衛、中鋒) 以及在球場上的腳色
因為以上的數據牽扯到統計的回歸統計(Regression Analysis),在這裡就做簡單的說明
,如下圖為某球員的BPM計算方式
‧ ReMPG = Regressed Minutes per Game (a slightly altered MPG to avoid
instances where a player plays very few games but with high minutes per game)
‧ ORB% = Offensive rebounds divided by offensive rebounding opportunities
‧ DRB% = Defensive rebounds divided by defensive rebounding opportunities
‧ STL% = Steals divided by number of opponent possessions while player is
on the floor
‧ BLK% = Blocks divided by number of 2-point FGA while player is on the
floor
‧ AST% = Assists divided by teammate FGs (so excluding FGs made by the
player)
‧ USG% = Number of possessions "used" by a player divided by number of
possessions while he's on the court (“used” meaning ends in a shot attempt,
free throws, or turnover by the player)
‧ TOV% = Turnovers divided by possessions "used" by the player
‧ TS% = Points / ( 2 * TSA) where TSA = True Shooting Attempts (FG + 0.44
* FTA)
‧ TmTS% = Team's true shooting (same as immediately previous formula, but
for entire team instead of the player)
‧ 3PAr = 3PA / FGA
‧ Lg3PAr = 3PA / FGA (for entire league)
‧ TRB% = Total rebounds divided by total rebounding opportunities
‧ 投籃得分(Field goal)嘗試對於低使用率的球員來說是較高的“成本”-因為他們
得到的協助更為頻繁,而這些值反映了這一點。
‧ 將3PM(三分球命中數)係數設置為在所有位置上均一。該數值也可將協助投進三分
的流動算進去
‧ 對於常站在肘區(Post)的球員來說,助攻的價值要比對控球後衛的價值大得多。控
球後衛經常處理球,在數據上通常視為較低價值的助攻。一個中鋒的助攻通常是非常有價
值的。因此傳球出色的防守球員通常在此數據中被視為是更好的防守者。
‧ 籃板計算的部分,對於大個子來說,籃板加權較低。但對於後衛來說,進攻籃板值
得很多分數。後衛的防守籃板在這個回歸中幾乎沒有任何意義(換句話說,功勞平均分配
給所有5名球員)。
‧ 對於小個子球員來說,抄截和火鍋的價值要比肘區球員(POST)更高。
‧ 個人犯規對後衛和大個子都是不利的。
本數據缺點
BPM值的加權中,防守表現的部分,外圍防守者相對內線大個子明顯被低估,以及傳統地
板型控衛相對分數被低估(相對現今攻擊型控衛如Curry、KI)
有時間話改天再來詳細說明計算方式跟統計原理
但這邊就針對2021明星賽入選球員及遺珠做簡單的分類(數據統計到2/24)
在下面這個連結中都可以找到:
https://www.basketball-reference.com/leagues/NBA_2021_advanced.html
先做分數4.0以上(入選全明星資格),依照分數高低排序如下(手動key如有錯誤請包涵):
+10.0是歷史級別的賽季(試想Jordon或LBJ的頂峰時期)
Nikola Joki(+11.2)、Joel Embiid (+10)
‧ +8.0是MVP等級
None
‧ +6.0是all star 先發水準
Luka Don(+7.9)、Giannis Antetokounmpo(+7.9)、
Stephen Curry (+6.7) 、LeBron James(+6.7)、Anthony Davis (+6.4)、James Harden
(+6.3)、Damian Lillard (+6.2)、Paul George(+6.2)、Kawhi Leonard (+6.2)
‧ +4.0 是夠格入選all star 水準
Nikola Vuvi(+5.9)、Jimmy Butler (+5.5)、Kevin Durant(+5.4)、Trae Young(+4.7)、
Bradley Beal (+4.7)、Bam Adebayo (+4.7 )、Jayson Tatum (+4.4) 、Julius Randle
(+4.4)、Kyrie Irving(+4.3)、Zach LaVine(+4.3)、Jaylen Brown(+4.3)、Zion
Williamson(+4.3) 、Joe Ingles (+4.3)、Ben Simmons (+4.3)、Mike Conley(+4.2)、
Chris Paul (+4.1)
接下來我們就本次入選明星賽的25位以及落選遺珠分別來討論
明星賽遺珠 :
Jimmy Butler (+5.5)、Trae Young(+4.7)、Bam Adebayo (+4.7 )、
Joe Ingles (+4.3)、Mike Conley(+4.2)
基本上爵士雙老因為有戰績加權,分數高頗正常,但考慮鹽湖城小城市所以…
至於邁阿密雙星真的就不知道怎麼會這麼沒愛了(熱火目前東區第八)
該先發但是僅入選明星賽替補:
Anthony Davis (+6.4)、Paul George(+6.2)、Damian Lillard (+6.2)
霸氣小李不解釋…但就此數據,東77絕對不用讓出先發位置
接下來討論bpm數值反映明星賽結果後被高估的球員
值得入選明星賽但不至於先發的球員
Kyrie Irving(+4.3)、Kevin Durant(+5.4) 、Bradley Beal (+4.7)
KD前年傷成這樣還能滿血回歸基本上值得更多鼓勵票數,至於另外兩位都算是本季媒體氣
氛大師,相信都在投票過程中加了不少分
有入選明星賽但被高估(BPM成績不足以入選)的球員
Rudy Gobert(+3.5)、Donovan Mitchell (+1.9)、Devin Booker (-0.4)
狗貝在BPM有球隊戰績以及防守大個子兩個明顯加分偏誤的狀況下還只有3.5的數值,而
Booker的部分在前一篇有看到網友評論我就不多做說明了…(但書人關鍵時刻真的令人欣
賞,本季CP3來後應該還在調整中)
另外也來整理鄉民常覺得該入選但沒進去的遺珠
首選應該就是印城小沙Domantas Sabonis 了,但他的BPM數值也只有+3.4以及以下的球
員:
鵜鶘雙槍Brandon Ingram (+3.1)、DeMar DeRozan(+3.8)、Tobias Harris(+3.1)、Shai
Gilgeous-Alexander (3.8)、Gordon Hayward (+2.0)、Jamal Murray (+0.9)、
De'Aaron Fox (+0.4)、Ja Morant (-0.2)、Russell Westbrook (-1.0)、Draymond
Green (-1.1)、Andrew Wiggins(-1.8)
總結:
明星賽入選機制有球迷投票、球員投票和媒體投票,並且球員真實球場影響力其實不是數
據可以反映的,並且大小城市、媒體聲量等都擁有不同偏誤
所以本次討論的BPM基本上僅是其中一種參考的進階數據,但因為其計算的存在明顯偏誤
,所以還是可以多參考如「真實進攻正負值(ORPM)」及「真實防守正負值(DRPM)、
PER值等去做多元的分析。
--
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