停止 Hack-A-Shaq ? - NBA

By Tracy
at 2015-05-01T00:20
at 2015-05-01T00:20
Table of Contents
http://tinyurl.com/lzdcand
駭「喬丹」戰術有效?沒效?
季後賽第一輪進行到現在,只有馬刺和快艇這一組在前兩場打成了1:1平手的局面,而就
比賽內容看起來,這兩隊誰能勝出確實很難判斷。馬刺隊正如系列賽開始之前宣稱的一樣
,忠實地對快艇隊中鋒DeAndre Jordan執行了駭「喬丹」戰術,即透過刻意犯規讓
DeAndre Jordan站上罰球線,希望他欠佳的罰球命中率拖垮快艇隊的團隊進攻。
此系列的犯規戰術,最有名的起源應該是來自於當年鬼才教練Don Nelson,命令球員對場
上無人能敵,卻在罰球線上一籌莫展的超級中鋒俠客歐尼爾刻意犯規開始為人所熟知,當
時此戰術也因為被稱為駭客戰術(Hack-a-Shaq)。後來此一戰術被廣泛引用來對付罰球
欠佳的禁區大個子球員,像是Dwight Howard(生涯罰球命中率57.3%),Andre
Drummond(39.7%),又或者是本文的主角DeAndre Jordan(41.7%)。
這似乎應該是很簡單的算數:如果送DeAndre Jordan站上罰球線,快艇隊得分的期望值只
有0.417*1 + 0.417*1 = 0.834;而有超級控衛Chris Paul指揮的快艇隊本季的ORtg(
Offensive Rating,為球隊100次球權預期能拿到的分數)是全聯盟第1的112.4,也就是
說,平均每次球權快艇能拿下1.124分。1.124 > 0.834,駭「喬丹」戰術的好處顯而易見
。
不過專精於數據統計的網站FiveThirtyEight(此網站的創立者為著名的數據分析專家
Nate Silver,以運動圈來說較知名的身分則是棒球預測系統PECOTA的主要開發者)似乎
不這麼認為。依照他們的分析,在上面的計算中我們忽略了幾個重要的因素:
1. 雖說快艇平均每次球權能拿下1.12分,但那包括了快攻等較容易取分的方式在內,如
果限定在半場進攻-而這也恰好是罰球完後正常的進攻情況,則快艇隊平均每次球權的得
分應該在1.04分左右。(1.12–>1.04)
2. 罰球相對的也讓快艇能更從容地做防守佈陣,依照過去兩季的統計,快艇隊在罰球後
的防守比非罰球場合後的防守,每次球權的失分少了0.04分。而這防守上的加分,相對的
應該加在駭「喬丹」戰術的得分期望值上。(0.834–>0.838)
3. 雖然DeAndre Jordan在罰球線上把球投進籃框的表現不佳,但他的隊友卻非常擅常於
把他投失的籃板搶下來,進而轉換為二次進攻的分數。在過去兩季中,在DeAndre Jordan
罰丟的罰球中,有165球籃板機會,其中快艇隊搶到34顆,也就是21%的籃板比例,這可說
是非常驚人的比例,尤其你考慮聯盟平均約只有12%的水準而已。而根據統計,快艇隊在
拿下罰球的籃板後,平均每次球權可以拿下1.36分。這數據比正常進攻來得更高,但也很
合理,因為球離籃框更近,而且防守方也很難做好完美的防守反應。這部分轉換為
DeAndre Jordan罰丟罰球的進攻期望值約是0.16,而這是之前在計算駭「喬丹」戰術所忽
略的部分。(0.838–>0.998)
所以,在試圖把遺失的部分補上後,駭或不駭,其實差別並沒有想像中大:1.04 vs
0.998,而不是原先以為的1.12 vs 0.834。而馬刺和快艇的前二戰,似乎也印證了此點,
第一戰馬刺祭出駭「喬丹」戰術多少還有點效果,但第二戰在領先時使用,卻差點讓比賽
翻盤,也證實駭「喬丹」戰術並非是萬靈丹。
不過就像一位知名籃球選手(?)曾說過的名言一樣:「バスケットは算數じゃねぇ!」
(「打籃球,並不是在做算數!」,這裡用原文以表達尊敬之意),駭「喬丹」戰術對球
員情緒的影響,對攻守節奏的擾亂,乃至於敵我雙方的士氣,都不是數據能夠精準呈現的
。只能說,駭客戰術就像是一把雙面刃,用得好能克敵致勝,用不好卻反而會傷到自己,
中間的巧妙實在難以形容。
儘管駭客戰術曾多次被搬上舞台,最令我印象深刻的一次運用,還是在08-09球季馬刺主
場開幕戰對上太陽時,跳球完5秒內馬刺球員Michael Finley立刻緊緊抱住當時身披太陽
隊制服的Shaquille O'Neal,裁判當然響哨,而一頭霧水的Shaq看到場邊雙手立著大姆指
的馬刺教練Gregg Popovich,才明白這是這位老教頭的幽默玩笑(雙方在前一季季後賽就
上演多次駭客戰術,也曾引起不少唇槍舌戰)。
相較於沉悶無聊的罰球考試,球場上多一點這樣的幽默多好,是吧?
罰球差的球員是啟動這個戰術的要件
如果沒有罰球差的球員這個戰術不可能啟動
然而啟動以後並不代表就從被駭客方手中獲得了優勢
球隊最後的輸贏決定的應該是駭客方之後的進攻與被駭客方的防守是否有做好
因此最終這仍是整個球隊要一起擔負的責任
--
駭「喬丹」戰術有效?沒效?
季後賽第一輪進行到現在,只有馬刺和快艇這一組在前兩場打成了1:1平手的局面,而就
比賽內容看起來,這兩隊誰能勝出確實很難判斷。馬刺隊正如系列賽開始之前宣稱的一樣
,忠實地對快艇隊中鋒DeAndre Jordan執行了駭「喬丹」戰術,即透過刻意犯規讓
DeAndre Jordan站上罰球線,希望他欠佳的罰球命中率拖垮快艇隊的團隊進攻。
此系列的犯規戰術,最有名的起源應該是來自於當年鬼才教練Don Nelson,命令球員對場
上無人能敵,卻在罰球線上一籌莫展的超級中鋒俠客歐尼爾刻意犯規開始為人所熟知,當
時此戰術也因為被稱為駭客戰術(Hack-a-Shaq)。後來此一戰術被廣泛引用來對付罰球
欠佳的禁區大個子球員,像是Dwight Howard(生涯罰球命中率57.3%),Andre
Drummond(39.7%),又或者是本文的主角DeAndre Jordan(41.7%)。
這似乎應該是很簡單的算數:如果送DeAndre Jordan站上罰球線,快艇隊得分的期望值只
有0.417*1 + 0.417*1 = 0.834;而有超級控衛Chris Paul指揮的快艇隊本季的ORtg(
Offensive Rating,為球隊100次球權預期能拿到的分數)是全聯盟第1的112.4,也就是
說,平均每次球權快艇能拿下1.124分。1.124 > 0.834,駭「喬丹」戰術的好處顯而易見
。
不過專精於數據統計的網站FiveThirtyEight(此網站的創立者為著名的數據分析專家
Nate Silver,以運動圈來說較知名的身分則是棒球預測系統PECOTA的主要開發者)似乎
不這麼認為。依照他們的分析,在上面的計算中我們忽略了幾個重要的因素:
1. 雖說快艇平均每次球權能拿下1.12分,但那包括了快攻等較容易取分的方式在內,如
果限定在半場進攻-而這也恰好是罰球完後正常的進攻情況,則快艇隊平均每次球權的得
分應該在1.04分左右。(1.12–>1.04)
2. 罰球相對的也讓快艇能更從容地做防守佈陣,依照過去兩季的統計,快艇隊在罰球後
的防守比非罰球場合後的防守,每次球權的失分少了0.04分。而這防守上的加分,相對的
應該加在駭「喬丹」戰術的得分期望值上。(0.834–>0.838)
3. 雖然DeAndre Jordan在罰球線上把球投進籃框的表現不佳,但他的隊友卻非常擅常於
把他投失的籃板搶下來,進而轉換為二次進攻的分數。在過去兩季中,在DeAndre Jordan
罰丟的罰球中,有165球籃板機會,其中快艇隊搶到34顆,也就是21%的籃板比例,這可說
是非常驚人的比例,尤其你考慮聯盟平均約只有12%的水準而已。而根據統計,快艇隊在
拿下罰球的籃板後,平均每次球權可以拿下1.36分。這數據比正常進攻來得更高,但也很
合理,因為球離籃框更近,而且防守方也很難做好完美的防守反應。這部分轉換為
DeAndre Jordan罰丟罰球的進攻期望值約是0.16,而這是之前在計算駭「喬丹」戰術所忽
略的部分。(0.838–>0.998)
所以,在試圖把遺失的部分補上後,駭或不駭,其實差別並沒有想像中大:1.04 vs
0.998,而不是原先以為的1.12 vs 0.834。而馬刺和快艇的前二戰,似乎也印證了此點,
第一戰馬刺祭出駭「喬丹」戰術多少還有點效果,但第二戰在領先時使用,卻差點讓比賽
翻盤,也證實駭「喬丹」戰術並非是萬靈丹。
不過就像一位知名籃球選手(?)曾說過的名言一樣:「バスケットは算數じゃねぇ!」
(「打籃球,並不是在做算數!」,這裡用原文以表達尊敬之意),駭「喬丹」戰術對球
員情緒的影響,對攻守節奏的擾亂,乃至於敵我雙方的士氣,都不是數據能夠精準呈現的
。只能說,駭客戰術就像是一把雙面刃,用得好能克敵致勝,用不好卻反而會傷到自己,
中間的巧妙實在難以形容。
儘管駭客戰術曾多次被搬上舞台,最令我印象深刻的一次運用,還是在08-09球季馬刺主
場開幕戰對上太陽時,跳球完5秒內馬刺球員Michael Finley立刻緊緊抱住當時身披太陽
隊制服的Shaquille O'Neal,裁判當然響哨,而一頭霧水的Shaq看到場邊雙手立著大姆指
的馬刺教練Gregg Popovich,才明白這是這位老教頭的幽默玩笑(雙方在前一季季後賽就
上演多次駭客戰術,也曾引起不少唇槍舌戰)。
相較於沉悶無聊的罰球考試,球場上多一點這樣的幽默多好,是吧?
罰球差的球員是啟動這個戰術的要件
如果沒有罰球差的球員這個戰術不可能啟動
然而啟動以後並不代表就從被駭客方手中獲得了優勢
球隊最後的輸贏決定的應該是駭客方之後的進攻與被駭客方的防守是否有做好
因此最終這仍是整個球隊要一起擔負的責任
--
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